Circuit Introduction — Theory Part 1: The Circuit Pattern and Take-off
After take-off — climb to circuit height
At 500 ft AGL on the upwind leg → consider the after take-off checklist (next slide).
Turn crosswind at 500 ft (or aerodrome-published point), continuing the climb.
Level off at circuit height on downwind.
Familiarise yourself with the after take-off checklist for your aircraft type and any local altitude/turn-points before your flight
Circuit Introduction — Theory Part 1: The Circuit Pattern and Take-off
Waypoint 4 — Procedures and Checklists
Circuit Introduction — Theory Part 1: The Circuit Pattern and Take-off
After take-off — checklist
There are different mnemonics for after-takeoff checklists that people use, such as FACTS or FLAREE (in fact, there are too many mnemonics). The key points for an after take-off checklist at this stage in our training is:
Flaps - retract in stages once above 200ft and with sufficient speed
Landing lights - can be switched off at 500ft
Auxiliary fuel pump - can be switched off at 500ft (verify fuel pressure when doing so.
Check your aeroplane manual for other items and create your own mnemonic checklist.
Circuit Introduction — Theory Part 1: The Circuit Pattern and Take-off
Aeroplane operating procedures in the circuit
Workload is high in the circuit — checklists keep you ahead of the aircraft.
Standard checklists for this lesson:
Pre-take-off (can be read out)
Holding point (can be read out)
After take-off (needs to be memorised)
Pre-landing (covered in Part 2)
Short-final (covered in Part 2)
Use flow then verify: complete the actions, then confirm against the printed checklist.
Memorise the airborne circuit checklists for your training to reduce the workload / stress during circuits.
Circuit Introduction — Theory Part 1: The Circuit Pattern and Take-off
Waypoint 5 — Recap
Circuit Introduction — Theory Part 1: The Circuit Pattern and Take-off
What have we learned?
Name the five legs of the circuit in order.
Identify three benefits for taking off and landing into wind.
List the wind speeds you can determine from a windsock.
Identify the next steps once power is set on the take-off roll?
When does the after take-off checklist get done?
Circuit Introduction — Theory Part 1: The Circuit Pattern and Take-off
Summary — Theory Part 1
Topic
Key point
Circuit pattern
Five legs — upwind, crosswind, downwind, base, final. 1000 ft AGL circuit height (typical). Left-hand unless published otherwise.
Wind & runway
Take off and land into wind for lower groundspeed and better control.
Windsock
Points the way the wind is going. Fully out ≥ 15 kt, 45° ≈ 7–10 kt.
Take-off
Smooth power, centreline with rudder, attitude, let it fly off, climb at .
After take-off
Checklist at ~500 ft AGL; level off at circuit height on downwind.
Operating
Checklists are the safety net for high-workload circuit operations.
Circuit Introduction — Theory Part 1: The Circuit Pattern and Take-off
Arrival — End of Part 1
Circuit Introduction — Theory Part 1: The Circuit Pattern and Take-off
Questions?
This is the first time the student will be focusing on the structured pattern of the circuit at the aerodrome. So far they've operated in the training area: this lesson brings them back inside the circuit and into close coordination with other traffic.
This transition will need to be a gradual one over the next few lessons, worked out between you the instructor, and the student. The circuit briefings are also broken up into chunks along the CASA syllabus lines.
Part 1 covers the geometry of the circuit, why we use wind direction to choose a runway, and the take-off itself.
Part 2 covers operating in the circuit, the approach, landing, and touch-and-go procedures.
Most students have watched aircraft from the ground, or seen it from a passenger seat. Anchor their existing mental model first. This is a chance to draw out existing knowledge on which we can base the learning.
Key ideas to draw out:
- Predictability — every pilot knows where to look for other aircraft.
- Separation — aircraft are spaced in time and altitude through the pattern.
- Standard energy management — the pattern is designed so a normal aircraft can manage descent and configuration changes inside it.
This is a lead-in to the STOL video.
Approximate timings — about 33 minutes for Part 1, leaving headroom in the 0.8 hr theory window for questions and to bleed into Part 2.
These objectives mirror the CASA long-briefing topics for lesson 6, narrowed to Part 1. Part 2 picks up the in-circuit, approach, and landing objectives.
Click Direct-To to arrive at The Circuit Pattern.
Source: FAA AFH Fig 8-1 (Airport Traffic Patterns).
Heights here are CASA / NZ defaults; emphasise that the actual circuit height is published per aerodrome and must be checked.
Most aerodromes carry no circuit height in their ERSA FAC entry — they rely on the standard default of 1,000 ft AGL. Only aerodromes with a non-standard height publish one explicitly.
The whiteboard "Circuit Introduction" (NZ CAA) is a clean reference for the student.
A local aerodrome diagram is still worth pulling up in the briefing if you have one handy.
Source: CASA VFRG Chapter 3 — Flying your aircraft, p. 248.
The active side is the side of the runway from which the circuit is flown. The non-active side is the opposite side. Aircraft joining from the non-active side must be at or above 1,500 ft AGL (500 ft above the standard 1,000 ft circuit) before crossing to the active side.
Keep this slide brief — the student's first circuits will focus on flying the pattern; the joining procedure is covered in a later lesson.
Click Direct-To to arrive at Wind and Runway Choice.
Emphasise: the *air* doesn't care about runways — speed through the air is what generates lift. A 10 kt headwind means the aircraft is "doing" 10 kt before the wheels move.
PHAK Ch 11 (Aircraft Performance) covers headwind/tailwind effects on take-off distance.
Emphasise: the windsock at the threshold matters more than the windsock across the field — surface wind varies.
Click Direct-To to arrive at Take-off Technique.
Source: FAA AFH Fig 6-1 (Takeoffs and Departure Climbs).
Emphasise: don't pull the aircraft off the ground — wait for it to fly. Forcing rotation early degrades climb performance. The figure shows the natural progression: roll → takeoff attitude → lift-off → climb.
Reference: CASA MOS A2.2 (Take off aeroplane) covers the full performance criteria.
Click Direct-To to arrive at Procedures and Checklists.
Emphasise: in the circuit, every leg has work to do — checks, lookout, radio, configuration, navigation. Checklists are the safety net.
Click Direct-To to arrive at Recap.
Pose these as recall questions before showing the answers on the next slide.
This is the answer key for the recall slide. Walk through quickly.
Open the floor before moving to Part 2 (in-circuit operations, approach, and landing).